Because I C Ould Not Stop Death - 1279 Words

Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop For Death Collamer M Abbott. The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000.Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs People: Dickinson, Emily (1830-86) Author(s): Collamer M Abbott Document types: Feature Publication title: The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000. Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs Source type: Periodical ISSN/ISBN: 00144940 Text Word Count 1077 Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=000000056709394Fmt=3cli entId=43168RQT=309VName=PQD Abstract (Document Summary) Once one realizes that Emily Dickinson is talking about a stone burial vault in Because I could not stop for Death, an image that expands the metaphoric power of the poem, one can appreciate more fully†¦show more content†¦She envisions Keeping house in her cottage, which, with its side and back stone walls and front entry, harbors a parlor where she lay[s] the marble tea, which certainly suggests death. A stone vault with the names of the occupants engraved on the marble door slab can easily be visualized as a cozy cottage with a room where tea is served. I died for Beauty plays on the same imagery of a loved house with rooms. The speaker is scarce I adjusted in the tomb I When One who died for Truth, was lain / in the adjoining Room- The One of this poem can represent another lover or master, a brother, or a kinsman. They talk between the Rooms- I Until the Moss had reached our lips- I And covered up-our names- that is, their names inscribed on the stone door slab. Thus is extended the whole figurative evocation of preservation for which these structures are used, not only of vegetables in a root cellar, but of roses, and of the Immortality of Dickinsons speaker for Centuries that feel shorter than the day-for Eternity. The figure of the House in these poems expands the symbolism immeasurably beyond the moldy receptacle of an underground grave, to a hospitable dwelling. -COLLAMER M. ABBOTT, White River Junction, Vermont [Footnote] *Reprinted by permission of the publisher and the Trustees of Amherst College from The Poems of Emily Dickinson, Thomas H. Johnson, ed. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, copyright 1951,Show MoreRelated because i c ould not stop death Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop For Death Collamer M Abbott. The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000.Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs People: Dickinson, Emily (1830-86) Author(s): Collamer M Abbott Document types: Feature Publication title: The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000. Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs Source type: Periodical ISSN/ISBN: 00144940 Text Word Count 1077 Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=000000056709394amp;Fmt=3amp;cli entId=43168amp;RQT=309amp;VName=PQDRead MoreBook Report On Trojan Horse3824 Words   |  16 Pagesswiveled around in his chair and faced Ivan. â€Å" That ’ s it, buddy. Over to you. I think I managed to outdo myself this time. I ’ve got things buried so d eep , there is no damn way Symantec or McAfee is going to get it out, never mind detect it. † Ivan chuckled. â€Å" Okay , Mr. Smart y - pants , let me be the judge of that. † He shook his finger at Alexei in a sign of admonishment. He swiveled in his chair to another c onsole and started to tap away at the keyboard. â€Å" What ’ s up , guys? † Dmitri strodeRead MoreRise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah9373 Words   |  38 Pages I The Two Periods of the Rise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah ............ In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. The Two Periods of the Rise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah The Twentieth century of the Christian era, according to our analysis, presents a decisive turning point in the history of the Muslim Ummah (community). At the end of the first quarter of the century the state of the Muslim world had taken a definite turn, and there were some signs of resuscitationRead MoreSci 241 Week 524609 Words   |  99 Pages( ©Reinhard/Age Fotostock America, Inc.) CHAPTER 8 CONCEPTS I I I I I I I I I Thiamin, riboï ¬â€šavin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are B vitamins needed to produce ATP from carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Vitamin B6 is important for amino acid metabolism as well as energy production. Folate is a coenzyme that is needed for cell division. Vitamin B12, only found in animal foods, is needed for nerve function and to activate folate. Vitamin C is needed to form connective tissue and acts as a watersolubleRead MoreIncome Taxation Solutions Manual 1 300300 Words   |  1202 Pagescorporations assets are used for business purposes, the corporation qualifies as a small business corporation and a subsequent sale of shares would be entitled to the Buckwold and Kitunen, Canadian Income Taxation, 2012-2013 Ed. Solutions Manual Page C-1 Copyright  © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. capital gain deduction of $750,000. Although Court will be subject to further taxation when dividends are paid to him from the corporation, double taxation will not occur to the extent that income consistsRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesTranslation of: Essais sur la signification au cinà ©ma, tome 1. Reprint. Originally published: New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication

Visitor Management at the National Gallery †Trafalgar Square, London Free Essays

1. A Comprehensive Strategy for Visitor Management Many visitor attractions see visitor experience as a secondary concern in managing these attractions in favour of the standard of the exhibit. In order to meet both expectations, it is necessary to define the organizational task in order to meet certain service standards (Shackley, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Visitor Management at the National Gallery – Trafalgar Square, London or any similar topic only for you Order Now To a large extent, attractions such as the National Gallery rely heavily on public support as their primary means of fundraising and ensuring that this support is continued ensures repeated visits in off-peak seasons and potential for larger donations as a source of funding. It is necessary therefore to determine a comprehensive strategy for visitor management that ensures effective service delivery, creates a higher quality of visitor experience, builds customer satisfaction and encourages repeated business (Schmenner, 1995). This is an important consideration for the National Gallery as an attraction which does not charge a standard entry fee and therefore donations received to this end are largely reliant on customer satisfaction and expectation. 2.Controlling Visitor Demand Controlling visitor demand is considered one of the more traditional functions of visitor management and essentially is reflected by the need to control visitor demand and relate it to the attractions fixed visitor capacity. It does so in various ways aimed at manipulating demand from peak to off-peak periods by pricing structure or ancillary services or attractions (Shackley, 1999). The National Gallery does this in a number of different ways, primarily through the use of ancillary services. Although the gallery does not make use of a pricing structure, it does make good use of a variety of different tours, which are reasonably priced and aimed at large groups and families therefore redirecting large volumes of persons at a time. Not only does this have the effect of controlling the times at which the gallery is experiencing larger amounts of guests, this also has the effect of redirecting large groups of people into certain areas at specific times which effectively ensures that oth er areas are not as populated. By effectively managing visitors in this way, issues of overcrowding at certain exhibits are effectively managed to ensure a higher level of visitor satisfaction –the purpose of visitor management techniques. Furthermore, these techniques ensure that visitors frequent the gallery in off-peak times. Examples of these programs include school group tours, educational sessions in the gallery and workshops aimed at art education (NG Website, 2012). 3. Standards of Customer Care An essential element of the visitor management strategy for any British organization is agreeing to undertake certain standards of customer care through the advent of the National Code of Practice for Visitor Attractions where managers of these facilities agree to undertake certain standards with regards to high standards of customer case, courtesy, appropriate maintenance to ensure visitor safety, adequate visitor facilities, prompt enquiry response time and access for disabled persons or those with special needs (such as the visually or hearing impaired). Not only does this include customer care at the facility itself, but also in being able to access the facility through the use of adequate signage, welcome and access facilities. Therefore customer care is both a logistical and judgmental concern (Shackley, 1999). In addition to standard customer care which include adequate gallery staff members, availability of information and courtesy, the National Gallery places this access as a foremost concern of a visitors experience in the gallery and undertakes these standards of customer care in a number of different ways. In terms of external logistics, there is adequate signage from all the surrounding transport facilities, as well as the nearby attractions leading to easy directions from those attractions to the National Gallery. Arguably however, this is less of a concern since the gallery is itself in Trafalgar Square. The gallery offers special facilities for blind and partially sighted visitors through providing Braille information, descriptive folders, events particularly for these visitors and in the exhibitions themselves. The gallery further makes provisions for assistance dogs. For visitors with mobility disabilities, there is adequate access through the entire gallery, as well as nearby o ff-street parking and seating available throughout the entire gallery. For deaf and hearing impaired visitors there are British Sign Language interpretive discussions on the paintings, audio guides and in the case of exhibition videos and films, subtitles on all materials (NG Website, 2012). In this way therefore, the National Gallery ensures that these levels of customer care are adhered to. 4. Ensuring Visitor Satisfaction Ensuring visitor satisfaction is obviously the primary goal of a visitor management strategy and ensuring this is based on a complex set of factors for consideration of the management. Value for money and customer experience is essential to this, therefore ensuring that visitors feel that they are getting the most from the cost of their experience is essential. The National Gallery does not ask a standard entrance fee from visitors, however does ask a nominal amount for a comprehensive floor plan of the gallery, as well as for the special exhibits. This ensures that general visitors to the gallery have access to a sufficient proportion of the gallery and are experiencing high levels of visitor satisfaction without being excluded from the main attractions in the gallery. There are optional visitor guides, audio guides and descriptive folders available for further information, however the base information provided free of charge is sufficient to ensure visitor satisfaction. Avoiding bottlenecks and queues in the National Gallery is a particular point of concern and to the extent that the gallery has been able to avoid these, it has taken certain measures such as positioning the popular exhibits in larger rooms where there is more space for visitors to access the paintings, as well as placement within the rooms themselves. The gallery has ensured that these paintings are placed in a certain way so as to ensure more people can access them. These paintings are also not placed close together, to avoid crowding around one particular piece. In conjunction with this, high volumes of people present a security concern for visitors which is an important aspect of visitor management (Shackler, 1999) and to this extent the gallery has a state of the art security system with video surveillance of the whole gallery, as well as adequate security staff throughout and a staff member in every room of the gallery (NG Website, 2012). References National Gallery Website (2012) [online] Available on: www.nationalgallery.org.uk [Accessed 28 November 2012] Schmenner, R. (1995) Service Operations Management. Prentice Hall: NJ Shackley, M. (1999) Visitor Management in Leask, A. Yeoman, I. (eds) ‘Heritage Visitor Attractions: An Operations Management Perspective’ London: Thomson Learning How to cite Visitor Management at the National Gallery – Trafalgar Square, London, Essay examples

All quiet of the western front Movie vs Book free essay sample

The book all Quiet of the Western Front demonstrates a clear similarity in regard to themes with it’s original movie. Although the reader and the audience of the movie can take different aspects of the theme due to the setting of the movie and the imagery used in the book. In fact the added scenarios in the movie had a different impact then in the book; for example, in the movie Paul was introduced as a schoolboy and through the setting of movie it demonstrated a change in it’s personality by becoming a soldier. The movie was more emotional then the novel by showing the shift in character. However the book was written in third person so that the reader could have been able to understand Paul actions through the smiles, metaphors and imagery imposed by the author. This wasn’t present in the movie although the director did include certain flashback that made the movie scenes more significant. We will write a custom essay sample on All quiet of the western front Movie vs Book or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The difference between the book and the movie, is that the director decided to connect the beginning to the end with Paul death by him drawing the bird in both, the conclusion and the introduction of the movie. In order to reach the audience in the movie they used Paul’s passion of poetry to show how in war the innocents don’t survive. The death of the soldiers in the movie were made more realistic and sentimental. These sentiments were created by the list Paul’s wrote to his commander and listed all his friends deaths, and how they were the only standing in war. In conclusion both the movie and the book were precisely constructed to reach the reader and the audience, and show how a soldier life is really lived.

Quaid-e-Azams Daughter Dina Wadia Essay Example

Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia Paper Dina Wadia (born Dina Jinnah August 15, 1919) is the daughter of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of Pakistan. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Rift with her father 3 Jinnah mansion dispute 4 Present times 5 Bibliographic references 6 External links Early life[edit] See also: Jinnah family Dina was born in London shortly after midnight on the morning of August 15, 1919. Jinnah was raised as a Muslim, reading the Holy book Quran from her aunt Fatima Jinnah. [l] She is the daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the step daughter of Emibai Jinnah and the niece of Fatima Jinnah and Shireen Jinnah. Stanley Wolperts Jinnah of Pakistan records: that Her premature arrival was unexpected†her parents were at the theatre, but were obliged to leave their box hurriedly. She was a dark-eyed beauty, lithe and winsome. She had her mothers smile and was pert or petulant as only an adored. According to Wolpert, referring to Jinnahs time in London in 1930-33, Dina was [Jinnahs] sole comfort, but Dina was away at school most of the time and home only for brief times, yet still the pampered daughter could be a Joy to her doting father. He had two dogs, one formidable black Doberman, the other a white West Highland Terrier. We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azams Daughter: Dina Wadia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In November 1932, Jinnah read H. C. Armstrongs biography of Kemal Atatrk, Grey Wolf, and seemed to have found his own reflection in the story of Turkeys great modernist leader. It was all he talked about for a while at home, even to Dina, who consequently nicknamed him Grey Wolf. Being only thirteen, her way of pestering him to take her to High Road to see Punch and Judy was, Come on, Grey Wolf, take me to a pantomime; after all, I am on my holidays. [Wolpert] Rift with her father[edit] Dinas relationship with her father became strained when Dina expressed her desire o marry a Parsi-born Indian Neville Wadia. Jinnah, a Muslim, tried to dissuade her, but failed. Mahommedali Currim Chagla, who was Jinnahs assistant at the time, recalls: Jinnah, in his usual imperious manner, told her that there were millions of Muslim boys in India, and she could have anyone she chose. Reminding her father that his wife (Dinas mother Rattanbai), had also been a non-Muslim, a Parsi also coincidently, the young lady replied: Father, there were millions of Muslim girls in India. Why did you not marry one of them? And he replied that, She became a Muslim'. It is said (by Jinnahs associate M C Chagla in Roses in December) that more. It has not been corroborated by any other source. Jinnah allegedly disowned her and the father-daughter relationship became extremely formal after she married. But the legal notice of disowning never came, which is essential for such purposes. They did correspond, but he addressed her formally as Mrs. Wadia. Dina and Neville lived in Mumbai and had two children, a boy and a girl. Dinas son Nusli Wadia became a Christian, but converted back to Zoroastrianism and settled in the ndustrially wealthy Parsi community of Mumbai. Dina did not travel to Pakistan until her fathers funeral in Karachi in September 1948. Their relationship is a matter of legal conjecture and hair splitting as Pakistani laws allow for a person to be disinherited for violating Islamic rules (in this case by a Muslim woman marrying a non-Muslim), hence no claim on the Pakistani properties of Jinnah, and Indian laws recognizing religions traditional succession rules to operate. Jinnah mansion dispute[edit] After Jinnah returned to Mumbai from England to take charge of the Muslim League, e built himself a palatial mansion South Court (Jinnah House) in Mumbai, which became his residence during the politically momentous decade preceding the creation of Pakistan. The house was designed by Claude Batley, a British architect, and was built in 1936 at a total cost of Rs. 200,000/-. The 2. 5 acre (10,000 m2) property, South Court, overlooking the sea and located at 2, Bhausaheb Hirey Marg (then Mount Pleasant Road), Malabar Hill, is in Mumbais most expensive real estate. In 1948, it was leased to the British Deputy High Commission which occupied it till 1982. Successive Pakistans Government have often expressed deep interest in acquiring the property free of charge for sentimental reasons. During his visit to India, President Pervez Musharraf had renewed Pakistans claim to the house which the president had suggested to Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee should be given to Pakistan so that it could be turned into a consulate. However, this came to naught: Dina Wadia who lived in New York, wrote to the Indian prime minister demanding that the house on the Malabar Hill, now worth $60 million, be handed over to her. itation needed] Through her counsel, she has argued that Muslim Law for inheritance did not apply to her father Jinnah, a Khoja Shia but instead Hindu customary law applied, as ruled by the Supreme Court of India in previous cases. [2] Present times[edit] See also: Wadia family In March 2004, Dina came to Lahore, Pakistan to watch a cricket match between Pakistan and India. She considered cricket diplomacy to be an enthralling dimension that illustrated an entirely new phase in relations between India and Pakistan. But she and her son Nusli Wadia chose not to share their thoughts with the ublic on what was certainly a highly emotional encounter. Dina had not traveled to Pakistan since her fathers funeral in September 1948. A great sense of drama was embedded in an old womans visit, as a foreigner, to a country that was founded by her father. Dina, her son Nusli Wadia and grandsons Ness Wadia and Jehangir Wadia visited the mausoleum of her father to pay homage. She also visited the museum father. In the visitors book, Dina wrote: This has been very sad and wonderful for me. May his dream for Pakistan come true. This would appear to be a very ppropriate summation of a life-experience that is essentially inexplicable. Reports said that she asked for copies of three pictures she saw in the mausoleums antiquities room. In one picture, she is standing with her father and aunt, Fatima Jinnah. The other is a painting of her mother, Maryam Jinnah. In the third, her father is dictating a letter, showing Mohammad Ali Jinnahs political persona. She also went to the tomb of Madar-e-Millat Fatima Jinnah to pay respects to her aunt and Flagstaff House Pakistan to host the flag of Pakistan and her fathers house Wazir Mansion. [3]

Reedsy Learning The 5-Minute Publishing School

Reedsy Learning The 5-Minute Publishing School Introducing Reedsy Learning: The Five-Minute Publishing School â€Å"Once you stop learning, you start dying,† a great man with a mustache once said. And while I’m sure most of us agree with the sentiment, our hectic modern lives often leave us with little time to expand our knowledge. That is, of course, until now.Today, the team here at Reedsy is proud to unveil Reedsy Learning - a series of short publishing courses designed to help you learn more about writing, publishing, and marketing amazing books†¦ five minutes at a time.Learn how to publish over a cup of coffeeCreated by some of the best professionals in the industry, each course lasts just 10 days, with a new lesson arriving in your inbox every morning. These fun-sized knowledge nuggets can be absorbed in less than 5 minutes - perfect to enjoy on your morning commute or over a cup of coffee.And did we mention it’s FREE? Free online courses in writing, publishing, and marketing books! #ReedsyLearning What would you like to learn this week?As of this post, Reedsy Learning has launched with ten fascinating courses.Want to find out more about traditional or self-publishing? We have a bunch of courses to choose from. Need to get your rear into gear and grind out  that first book? Writing coach Jennie Nash has written a course  to educate and inspire you. Selling your book on the Kindle Store? This free course will teach you how Amazon’s Ranking Algorithms work and how you can use them to your advantage.At the end of each course, we’ll send you an online quiz, designed to help you retain all that precious knowledge you’ve accumulated.Get started right nowTo start, just pick any topic and you’ll receive your first lesson the next day. But don’t get too greedy - you can only register for one course at a time. That way, you won’t overload yourself and start ‘skipping class’ after a few days 😉At the end of your ten days, let us know what you think. We’re always looking to improve the courses, so we’re relying on your help!What subjects would you like to see covered on Reedsy Learning? Let us know in the comments below, and we’ll do our level best to make it happen for you.

Logistics Behind US Federal Regulations

Logistics Behind US Federal Regulations Federal regulations are specific details directives or requirements with the force of law enacted by the federal agencies necessary to enforce the legislative acts passed by Congress. The Clean Air Act, the Food and Drug Act, the Civil Rights Act are all examples of landmark legislation requiring months, even years of highly publicized planning, debate, compromise and reconciliation in Congress. Yet the work of creating the vast and ever-growing volumes of federal regulations, the real laws behind the acts, happens largely unnoticed in the offices of the government agencies rather than the halls of Congress. Regulatory Federal Agencies Agencies, like the FDA, EPA, OSHA and at least 50 others, are called regulatory agencies  because they are empowered to create and enforce rules regulations that carry the full force of law. Individuals, businesses, and private and public organizations can be fined, sanctioned, forced to close, and even jailed for violating federal regulations. The oldest Federal regulatory agency still in existence is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, established in 1863 to charter and regulate national banks. The  Federal Rulemaking Process The process of creating and enacting federal regulations is generally referred to as the rulemaking process. First, Congress passes a law designed to address a social or economic need or problem. The appropriate regulatory agency then creates regulations necessary to implement the law. For example, the Food and Drug Administration creates its regulations under the authority of the Food Drug and Cosmetics Act, the Controlled Substances Act and several other acts created by Congress over the years. Acts such as these are known as enabling legislation, because the literally enable the regulatory agencies to create the regulations required to administer enforce them. The Rules of Rulemaking Regulatory agencies create regulations according to rules and processes defined by another law known as the Administration Procedure Act (APA). The APA defines a rule or regulation as... [T]he whole or a part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or describing the organization, procedure, or practice requirements of an agency. The APA defines rulemaking as†¦ [A]gency action which regulates the future conduct of either groups of persons or a single person; it is essentially legislative in nature, not only because it operates in the future but because it is primarily concerned with policy considerations. Under the APA, the agencies must publish all proposed new regulations in the Federal Register at least 30 days before they take effect, and they must provide a way for interested parties to comment, offer amendments, or object to the regulation. Some regulations require only publication and an opportunity for comments to become effective. Others require publication and one or more formal public hearings. The enabling legislation states which process is to be used in creating the regulations. Regulations requiring hearings can take several months to become final. New regulations or amendments to existing regulations are known as proposed rules. Notices of public hearings or requests for comments on proposed rules are published in the Federal Register, on the Web sites of the regulatory agencies and in many newspapers and other publications. The notices will include information on how to submit comments, or participate in public hearings on the proposed rule. Once a regulation takes effect, it becomes a final rule and is printed in the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and usually posted on the Web site of the regulatory agency. Type and Number of Federal Regulations In the Office of Management and Budgets (OMB) 2000 Report to Congress on the Costs and Benefits of Federal Regulations, OMB defines the three widely recognized categories of federal regulations as: social, economic, and process. Social regulations: seek  to benefit the public interest in one of two ways. It prohibits firms from producing products in certain ways or with certain characteristics that are harmful to public interests such as health, safety, and the environment. Examples would be OSHA’s rule prohibiting firms from allowing in the workplace more than one part per million of Benzene averaged over an eight hour day and the Department of Energy’s rule prohibiting firms from selling refrigerators that do not meet certain energy efficiency standards. Social regulation also requires firms to produce products in certain ways or with certain characteristics that are beneficial to these public interests. Examples are the Food and Drug Administration’s requirement that firms selling food products must provide a label with specified information on its package and Department of Transportation’s requirement that automobiles be equipped with approved airbags. Economic regulations: prohibit  firms from charging prices or entering or exiting lines of business that might cause harm to the economic interests of other firms or economic groups. Such regulations usually apply on an industry-wide basis (for example, agriculture, trucking, or communications). In the United States, this type of regulation at the federal level has often been administered by independent commissions such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This type of regulation can cause economic loss from the higher prices and inefficient operations that often occur when the competition is restrained. Process Regulations: impose administrative or paperwork requirements such as income tax, immigration, social security, food stamps, or procurement forms. Most costs to businesses resulting from program administration, government procurement, and tax compliance efforts. Social and economic regulation may also impose paperwork costs due to disclosure requirements and enforcement needs. These costs generally appear in the cost for such rules. Procurement costs generally show up in the federal budget as greater fiscal expenditures. How Many Federal Regulations are There? According to the Office of the Federal Register, in 1998, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), the official listing of all regulations in effect, contained a total of 134,723 pages in 201 volumes that claimed 19 feet of shelf space. In 1970, the CFR totaled only 54,834 pages. The General Accountability Office (GAO) reports that in the four fiscal years from 1996 to 1999, a total of 15,286 new federal regulations went into effect. Of these, 222 were classified as major rules, each one having an annual effect on the economy of at least $100 million. While they call the process rulemaking, the regulatory agencies create and enforce rules that are truly laws, many with the potential to profoundly affect the lives and livelihoods of millions of Americans. What controls and oversight are placed on the regulatory agencies in creating federal regulations? Control of the Regulatory Process Federal regulations created by the regulatory agencies are subject to review by both the president and Congress under Executive Order 12866 and the Congressional Review Act. The Congressional Review Act (CRA) represents an attempt by Congress to re-establish some control over the agency rulemaking process. Executive Order 12866, issued on Sept. 30, 1993, by President Clinton, stipulates steps that must be followed by executive branch agencies before regulations issued by them are allowed to take effect. For all regulations, a detailed cost-benefit analysis must be performed. Regulations with an estimated cost of $100 million or more are designated major rules, and require completion of a more detailed Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The RIA must justify the cost of the new regulation and must be approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) before the regulation can take effect. Executive Order 12866 also requires all regulatory agencies to prepare and submit to OMB annual plans to establish regulatory priorities and improve coordination of the Administrations regulatory program. While some requirements of Executive Order 12866 apply only to executive branch agencies, all federal regulatory agencies fall under the controls of the Congressional Review Act. The Congressional Review Act (CRA) allows Congress 60 in-session days to review and possibly reject new federal regulations issued by the regulatory agencies. Under the CRA, the regulatory agencies are required to submit all new rules the leaders of both the House and Senate. In addition, the General Accounting Office (GAO) provides to those congressional committees related to the new regulation, a detailed report on each new major rule.

Standardized Testing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Standardized Testing - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the grading system might be a disadvantage to most of the students thus making them fail. Different students can be motivated differently when they are doing these tests. Others can get demoralized during the test process while others can be motivated by how the questions set and the way they are answering them. However, there many factors than can affect how the students will perform in these tests. SAT and ACT testing systems have different ways in which they test their students. Although these two tests fulfill the same role i.e. college acceptance, each one has different testing skills. SAT test on the critical thinking and the solving ability of the students while the ACT tests on the content of knowledge that a student has on a particular topic. It tests major things on what you been taught in class. Some students may find this testing very difficult because of the low skills that they have on the topics tested. This will make most of them fail the test, not becaus e they are poor in learning but due to the inadequate skills in answering the questions. Some students do not care what grades they are going to be in the tests. They make sure that they do the tests. These students will react negatively to test because it is not an issue to them. Some students have learning disabilities and they should be treated differently from others. They should be given extra time during the test and even different examination rooms. These students are believed to do better in ACT test because these tests are straightforward and more knowledge-based (Kaplan, 9). The grading system of SAT and ACT have different portions. These portions are marked differently. The writing portion is the part where a person marks it. This is because this portion has different ways in which the students can give answers. Students will express their knowledge here depending on how they understood some topics. The second portion has multiple choices. This is where a student chooses the correct answer from five choices. One choice is always correct. This portion can be mark by a machine. Marks awarded in this portion vary from the type of tests. For instance, in SAT test, if a student fails one question from the multiple choices, a fourth of the marks will be deducted from the total marks in the multiple-choice questions. This is completely different from ACT test because even if a student fails a question, there will be no deduction made from the other scored questions. The third portion of the test includes materials that are not covered in school. The teacher will not check them because the student will be taking the materials to the college (Allyn & Bacon, 23). The students’ knowledge on these tests can also depend on the motivation that they have on their learning. Students should have good motivation during learning to ensure that they get relevant knowledge that will be applied during the tests. Each student must have a desire on what is expected from the studies they are taking. They should know that these studies have meaning in their lives and should take them seriously. Another factor that will help students get the required knowledge is by making sure that they attend SAT classes. These classes are very importance because most of the topics that are tested in exams are discussed during these classes (Allyn & Bacon, 25). On the other hand,